Foundations file Form 990-PF with the IRS, and the IRS publishes the electronic filings as bulk data. GrantTrace is that data, parsed, deduplicated, and indexed. Here is exactly where the edges are.
Recipients are identified by name and city or state, exactly as the foundation typed them. Recipient EINs do not exist in e-filed 990-PF data, so no product has them. The reverse search runs on names, geography, and the foundation's own purpose text. It works the way fundraisers actually search, and it will not resolve a recipient to a tax record, because nothing can.
Coverage runs by tax year. 2022 onward is complete as published: we hold grant data for roughly three quarters of the funder-periods the IRS indexes for those years, the gap is mostly foundations whose filings list zero grants. Tax year 2021 sits at roughly 70% of indexed funder-periods. The shortfall was an IRS publication quirk, not missing data: the agency split its 2022 receipts across two bulk files and linked only one from its download page. We found the second file, verified every one of the 37,237 filings our copy was missing against it, and added them. That is the kind of check the monthly refresh and the 9-point gate exist for. 2019 and 2020 arrive only through late-filed and amended returns, about 1% of grant rows.
Amounts are signed as filed. A negative number is a recovery: the foundation took money back. When GrantTrace shows a “typical grant,” it means the median of positive grants. In our 2024 reference sample that median was $5,000; the largest single grant line as filed runs to $8.1 billion, which says something about how wide this field swings.
The corpus is private foundations. Public charities do not itemize grants in their filings, so they are not here, and neither is anything a foundation merely approved but had not yet paid.
Without the monthly refresh the data goes stale. It keeps working; it just ages.